EST. YEARS  SUBCLADES    Y-SNP ORIGINS, Y-STR MUTATIONS & SURNAME EVOLUTION
__________  _________    __________________________________________________
                                                      
18000 BC    M343         (R1b).  Born in Eurasian steppe
                         Ice Age & Mesolithic Stone Age

11000 BC    M269 (S3)    (R1b1a2). Born in Middle East
                         Neolithic Stone Age. Farming begins                                        
                                     
3500 BC    L151 (S129)   Variant: L11
                         Came to Europe in spread of Yamnaya shepherd
                            culture
                         Parent of Atlantic Modal Haplotype (AMH)
                            group of Y-STRs
                  
3000 BC    U106 (S21)    Born near Budapest. Bronze Age begins.
                         Cities emerge
                         Split with P312 that led to “Maryland
                            Acrees” & others
                         Coinciding mutation in Y-STR DYS492 from 12
                            to 13  
                                       
2600 BC    L48 (S162)    Born in central Europe                                     
                                           
2300 BC    L47 (S170)    Born in Baltic Sea coastal area -
                            Germany or Poland
                                                 
1900 BC    Z159          (R1b1a2a1a1c2b1b). Variants:
                            Z157/Z158/Z160/Z350
                         Born in North Sea coastal area                                       

1300 BC    S3251         Variants: S3249/S3894/CTS3777/Z8515/FGC8570.
                         Born in NE Europe
                         Alvestrand progenitor split from patrilineal
                            line * (See Note below.)
                         Martins/Thompson progenitors split 

1000 BC    M10145        Born in NW Europe. Iron Age begins                               
                                           
750 BC     S6915         Variants:
                            FT3644/FT45528/FT4585/FT5444/PH4355
                         Born in NW Europe

600 BC     FGC33324      Variants: FT3745/FT5963.  Born in NW Europe
                         Thomson/Scott/Salter/Spurgeon/Stevens split                         
                         Mutation in DYS552 from 24 to 25 
                         Lowenstein progenitor split                                             
                         Mutation in DYS522 from 10 to 11       
                         Mutation in DYS505 from 12 to 13                                     

600 BC -  1400 AD        Y-SNPs BY3313 &
                            FGC33315/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/26
                         Plus 15 FT-prefixed Y-SNPs, for a total of
                            25 Y-SNPs
                         Born in Scandinavia           
                         Mutation in DYS385b from 14 to 13.2
                            (rare microallele)

400 AD                   (Death in Slovakia of Germanic warrior with
                            Y-SNP S6915 - not our line)                                     

900 AD                   Arrival in Shetland Islands as Norse Viking

1000 AD                  Arrival in western English-Scottish border
                            area as Norse Viking
                         (Death in Iceland of Norse Viking with Y-SNP
                            S6915 – close to our line)                                     

1300 AD                  Dacre surname adopted by baron/warden of
                            English West March                                                                
                                          
1400 AD - 1650 AD        Variants of Dacre surname adopted by 
                            successive patrilineal line in Cumbria
                            and then Lancashire, England
                         Mutation in DYS715 from 24 to 22
                         Mutation in DYS481 from 23 to 24
                         Mutation in DYS512 from 11 to 10
                         Mutation in FTY665 from 10 to 9
                         Mutation in FTY839 from 14 to 15
                         Mutation in FTY1172 from 12 to 13
                         Brown/Peel/Wells split, with shared Y-SNP
                            FT225540
                         Ashley split
                         Mutation in DYS447 from 25 to 24
                         Mutation in DYS710 from 34 to 34.2
                            (frequent microallele)
                         Collier/Cowpe/Hall/Tweedale/Unsworth/
                            Williamson/Willoughby split
                    
1650 AD   A2156          Acquired in Lancashire by father or
      (FGC33325)            grandfather of William Acree, who
                            probably had the surname Ackers                                        
                                          
1710 AD                  Birth of William in Lancashire
                                          
1730 AD                  William’s arrival in VA among "Scots-Irish"
                           immigrants, becoming progenitor of the
                           “Virginia Acrees”
                       
1735 AD   A2155          Acquired in Hanover Co.VA by William’s son,
      (FGC33323)            John Acree, Sr.
                         Mutation in DYS549 from 13 to 14 also
                            acquired by John

1800 AD                  “Acree” becomes predominant surname
                            spelling/pronunciation                                    

1832 AD   A2154          Probably acquired in Tennessee by John’s
      (FGC33314)            great-grandson, James H. Acree